Source code for bokeh.document.document

''' Provide the ``Document`` class, which is a container for Bokeh Models to
be reflected to the client side BokehJS library.

As a concrete example, consider a column layout with ``Slider`` and ``Select``
widgets, and a plot with some tools, an axis and grid, and a glyph renderer
for circles. A simplified representation oh this document might look like the
figure below:

.. figure:: /_images/document.svg
    :align: center
    :width: 65%

    A Bokeh Document is a collection of Bokeh Models (e.g. plots, tools,
    glyphs, etc.) that can be serialized as a single collection.

'''
from __future__ import absolute_import

import logging

from bokeh.util import deprecation

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

from collections import defaultdict
from json import loads
import sys

import jinja2
from six import string_types

from ..core.enums import HoldPolicy
from ..core.json_encoder import serialize_json
from ..core.query import find
from ..core.templates import FILE
from ..core.validation import check_integrity
from ..events import Event
from ..themes import default as default_theme
from ..themes import Theme
from ..util.callback_manager import _check_callback
from ..util.datatypes import MultiValuedDict
from ..util.future import wraps
from ..util.version import __version__

from .events import ModelChangedEvent, RootAddedEvent, RootRemovedEvent, SessionCallbackAdded, SessionCallbackRemoved, TitleChangedEvent
from .locking import UnlockedDocumentProxy
from .util import initialize_references_json, instantiate_references_json, references_json

DEFAULT_TITLE = "Bokeh Application"

[docs]class Document(object): ''' The basic unit of serialization for Bokeh. Document instances collect Bokeh models (e.g. plots, layouts, widgets, etc.) so that they may be reflected into the BokehJS client runtime. Because models may refer to other models (e.g., a plot *has* a list of renderers), it is not generally useful or meaningful to convert individual models to JSON. Accordingly, the ``Document`` is thus the smallest unit of serialization for Bokeh. ''' def __init__(self, **kwargs): self._roots = list() self._theme = kwargs.pop('theme', default_theme) # use _title directly because we don't need to trigger an event self._title = kwargs.pop('title', DEFAULT_TITLE) self._template = FILE self._all_models_freeze_count = 0 self._all_models = dict() self._all_models_by_name = MultiValuedDict() self._all_former_model_ids = set() self._callbacks = {} self._session_callbacks = set() self._session_context = None self._modules = [] self._template_variables = {} self._hold = None self._held_events = [] # set of models subscribed to user events self._subscribed_models = defaultdict(set) self._callback_objs_by_callable = {self.add_next_tick_callback: defaultdict(set), self.add_periodic_callback: defaultdict(set), self.add_timeout_callback: defaultdict(set)} # Properties -------------------------------------------------------------- @property def roots(self): ''' A list of all the root models in this Document. ''' return list(self._roots) @property def session_callbacks(self): ''' A list of all the session callbacks on this document. ''' return list(self._session_callbacks) @property def session_context(self): ''' The ``SessionContext`` for this document. ''' return self._session_context @property def template(self): ''' A Jinja2 template to use for rendering this document. ''' return self._template @template.setter def template(self, template): if not isinstance(template, jinja2.Template): raise ValueError("Document templates must be Jinja2 Templates") self._template = template @property def template_variables(self): ''' A dictionary of template variables to pass when rendering ``self.template``. ''' return self._template_variables @property def theme(self): ''' The current ``Theme`` instance affecting models in this Document. Setting this to ``None`` sets the default theme. (i.e this property never returns ``None``.) Changing theme may trigger model change events on the models in the document if the theme modifies any model properties. ''' return self._theme @theme.setter def theme(self, theme): if theme is None: theme = default_theme if not isinstance(theme, Theme): raise ValueError("Theme must be an instance of the Theme class") if self._theme is theme: return self._theme = theme for model in self._all_models.values(): self._theme.apply_to_model(model) @property def title(self): ''' A title for this document. This title will be set on standalone HTML documents, but not e.g. when ``autoload_server`` is used. ''' return self._title @title.setter def title(self, title): self._set_title(title) # Public methods ----------------------------------------------------------
[docs] def add_next_tick_callback(self, callback): ''' Add callback to be invoked once on the next tick of the event loop. Args: callback (callable) : A callback function to execute on the next tick. Returns: NextTickCallback : can be used with ``remove_next_tick_callback`` .. note:: Next tick callbacks only work within the context of a Bokeh server session. This function will no effect when Bokeh outputs to standalone HTML or Jupyter notebook cells. ''' from ..server.callbacks import NextTickCallback cb = NextTickCallback(self, None) return self._add_session_callback(cb, callback, one_shot=True, originator=self.add_next_tick_callback)
[docs] def add_periodic_callback(self, callback, period_milliseconds): ''' Add a callback to be invoked on a session periodically. Args: callback (callable) : A callback function to execute periodically period_milliseconds (int) : Number of milliseconds between each callback execution. Returns: PeriodicCallback : can be used with ``remove_periodic_callback`` .. note:: Periodic callbacks only work within the context of a Bokeh server session. This function will no effect when Bokeh outputs to standalone HTML or Jupyter notebook cells. ''' from ..server.callbacks import PeriodicCallback cb = PeriodicCallback(self, None, period_milliseconds) return self._add_session_callback(cb, callback, one_shot=False, originator=self.add_periodic_callback)
[docs] def add_root(self, model, setter=None): ''' Add a model as a root of this Document. Any changes to this model (including to other models referred to by it) will trigger ``on_change`` callbacks registered on this document. Args: model (Model) : The model to add as a root of this document. setter (ClientSession or ServerSession or None, optional) : This is used to prevent "boomerang" updates to Bokeh apps. (default: None) In the context of a Bokeh server application, incoming updates to properties will be annotated with the session that is doing the updating. This value is propagated through any subsequent change notifications that the update triggers. The session can compare the event setter to itself, and suppress any updates that originate from itself. ''' if model in self._roots: return self._push_all_models_freeze() # TODO (bird) Should we do some kind of reporting of how many # LayoutDOM's are in the document roots? In vanilla bokeh cases e.g. # output_file more than one LayoutDOM is probably not going to go # well. But in embedded cases, you may well want more than one. try: self._roots.append(model) finally: self._pop_all_models_freeze() self._trigger_on_change(RootAddedEvent(self, model, setter))
[docs] def add_timeout_callback(self, callback, timeout_milliseconds): ''' Add callback to be invoked once, after a specified timeout passes. Args: callback (callable) : A callback function to execute after timeout timeout_milliseconds (int) : Number of milliseconds before callback execution. Returns: TimeoutCallback : can be used with ``remove_timeout_callback`` .. note:: Timeout callbacks only work within the context of a Bokeh server session. This function will no effect when Bokeh outputs to standalone HTML or Jupyter notebook cells. ''' from ..server.callbacks import TimeoutCallback cb = TimeoutCallback(self, None, timeout_milliseconds) return self._add_session_callback(cb, callback, one_shot=True, originator=self.add_timeout_callback)
def apply_json_event(self, json): event = loads(json, object_hook=Event.decode_json) if not isinstance(event, Event): logger.warn('Could not decode event json: %s' % json) else: for obj in self._subscribed_models[event.event_name]: obj._trigger_event(event)
[docs] def apply_json_patch(self, patch, setter=None): ''' Apply a JSON patch object and process any resulting events. Args: patch (JSON-data) : The JSON-object containing the patch to apply. setter (ClientSession or ServerSession or None, optional) : This is used to prevent "boomerang" updates to Bokeh apps. (default: None) In the context of a Bokeh server application, incoming updates to properties will be annotated with the session that is doing the updating. This value is propagated through any subsequent change notifications that the update triggers. The session can compare the event setter to itself, and suppress any updates that originate from itself. Returns: None ''' references_json = patch['references'] events_json = patch['events'] references = instantiate_references_json(references_json) # Use our existing model instances whenever we have them for obj in references.values(): if obj._id in self._all_models: references[obj._id] = self._all_models[obj._id] # The model being changed isn't always in references so add it in for event_json in events_json: if 'model' in event_json: model_id = event_json['model']['id'] if model_id in self._all_models: references[model_id] = self._all_models[model_id] initialize_references_json(references_json, references) for event_json in events_json: if event_json['kind'] == 'ModelChanged': patched_id = event_json['model']['id'] if patched_id not in self._all_models: if patched_id not in self._all_former_model_ids: raise RuntimeError("Cannot apply patch to %s which is not in the document" % (str(patched_id))) else: logger.warn("Cannot apply patch to %s which is not in the document anymore" % (str(patched_id))) break patched_obj = self._all_models[patched_id] attr = event_json['attr'] value = event_json['new'] patched_obj.set_from_json(attr, value, models=references, setter=setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'ColumnDataChanged': source_id = event_json['column_source']['id'] if source_id not in self._all_models: raise RuntimeError("Cannot apply patch to %s which is not in the document" % (str(source_id))) source = self._all_models[source_id] value = event_json['new'] source.set_from_json('data', value, models=references, setter=setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'ColumnsStreamed': source_id = event_json['column_source']['id'] if source_id not in self._all_models: raise RuntimeError("Cannot stream to %s which is not in the document" % (str(source_id))) source = self._all_models[source_id] data = event_json['data'] rollover = event_json['rollover'] source._stream(data, rollover, setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'ColumnsPatched': source_id = event_json['column_source']['id'] if source_id not in self._all_models: raise RuntimeError("Cannot apply patch to %s which is not in the document" % (str(source_id))) source = self._all_models[source_id] patches = event_json['patches'] source.patch(patches, setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'RootAdded': root_id = event_json['model']['id'] root_obj = references[root_id] self.add_root(root_obj, setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'RootRemoved': root_id = event_json['model']['id'] root_obj = references[root_id] self.remove_root(root_obj, setter) elif event_json['kind'] == 'TitleChanged': self._set_title(event_json['title'], setter) else: raise RuntimeError("Unknown patch event " + repr(event_json))
[docs] def apply_json_patch_string(self, patch): ''' Apply a JSON patch provided as a string. Args: patch (str) : Returns: None ''' json_parsed = loads(patch) self.apply_json_patch(json_parsed)
[docs] def clear(self): ''' Remove all content from the document but do not reset title. Returns: None ''' self._push_all_models_freeze() try: while len(self._roots) > 0: r = next(iter(self._roots)) self.remove_root(r) finally: self._pop_all_models_freeze()
def destroy(self, session): self.remove_on_change(session) # probably better to implement a destroy protocol on models to # untangle everything, then the collect below might not be needed for m in self._all_models.values(): m._document = None del m self._roots = [] self._all_models = None self._all_models_by_name = None self._theme = None self._template = None self._session_context = None self.delete_modules() import gc gc.collect()
[docs] def delete_modules(self): ''' Clean up after any modules created by this Document when its session is destroyed. ''' from gc import get_referrers from types import FrameType logger.debug("Deleting %s modules for %s" % (len(self._modules), self)) for module in self._modules: # Modules created for a Document should have three referrers at this point: # # - sys.modules # - self._modules # - a frame object # # This function will take care of removing these expected references. # # If there are any additional referrers, this probably means the module will be # leaked. Here we perform a detailed check that the only referrers are expected # ones. Otherwise issue an error log message with details. referrers = get_referrers(module) referrers = [x for x in referrers if x is not sys.modules] referrers = [x for x in referrers if x is not self._modules] referrers = [x for x in referrers if not isinstance(x, FrameType)] if len(referrers) != 0: logger.error("Module %r has extra unexpected referrers! This could indicate a serious memory leak. Extra referrers: %r" % (module, referrers)) # remove the reference from sys.modules if module.__name__ in sys.modules: del sys.modules[module.__name__] # remove the reference from self._modules self._modules = None
# the frame reference will take care of itself
[docs] @classmethod def from_json(cls, json): ''' Load a document from JSON. json (JSON-data) : A JSON-encoded document to create a new Document from. Returns: Document : ''' roots_json = json['roots'] root_ids = roots_json['root_ids'] references_json = roots_json['references'] references = instantiate_references_json(references_json) initialize_references_json(references_json, references) doc = Document() for r in root_ids: doc.add_root(references[r]) doc.title = json['title'] return doc
[docs] @classmethod def from_json_string(cls, json): ''' Load a document from JSON. json (str) : A string with a JSON-encoded document to create a new Document from. Returns: Document : ''' json_parsed = loads(json) return cls.from_json(json_parsed)
[docs] def get_model_by_id(self, model_id): ''' Find the model for the given ID in this document, or ``None`` if it is not found. Args: model_id (str) : The ID of the model to search for Returns: Model or None ''' return self._all_models.get(model_id)
[docs] def get_model_by_name(self, name): ''' Find the model for the given name in this document, or ``None`` if it is not found. Args: name (str) : The name of the model to search for Returns: Model or None ''' return self._all_models_by_name.get_one(name, "Found more than one model named '%s'" % name)
[docs] def hold(self, policy="combine"): ''' Activate a document hold. While a hold is active, no model changes will be applied, or trigger callbacks. Once ``unhold`` is called, the events collected during the hold will be applied according to the hold policy. Args: hold ('combine' or 'collect', optional) Whether events collected during a hold should attempt to be combined (default: 'combine') When set to ``'collect'`` all events will be collected and replayed in order as-is when ``unhold`` is called. When set to ``'combine'`` Bokeh will attempt to combine compatible events together. Typically, different events that change the same property on the same mode can be combined. For example, if the following sequence occurs: .. code-block:: python doc.hold('combine') slider.value = 10 slider.value = 11 slider.value = 12 Then only *one* callback, for the last ``slider.value = 12`` will be triggered. Returns: None .. note:: ``hold`` only applies to document change events, i.e. setting properties on models. It does not apply to events such as ``ButtonClick``, etc. ''' if self._hold is not None and self._hold != policy: logger.warn("hold already active with '%s', ignoring '%s'" % (self._hold, policy)) return if policy not in HoldPolicy: raise ValueError("Unknown hold policy %r" % policy) self._hold = policy
[docs] def unhold(self): ''' Turn off any active document hold and apply any collected events. Returns: None ''' # no-op if we are already no holding if self._hold is None: return self._hold = None events = list(self._held_events) self._held_events = [] for event in events: self._trigger_on_change(event)
[docs] def on_change(self, *callbacks): ''' Provide callbacks to invoke if the document or any Model reachable from its roots changes. ''' for callback in callbacks: if callback in self._callbacks: continue _check_callback(callback, ('event',)) self._callbacks[callback] = callback
def on_change_dispatch_to(self, receiver): if not receiver in self._callbacks: self._callbacks[receiver] = lambda event: event.dispatch(receiver)
[docs] def remove_next_tick_callback(self, callback_obj): ''' Remove a callback added earlier with ``add_next_tick_callback``. Args: callback_obj : a value returned from ``add_next_tick_callback`` Returns: None Raises: ValueError, if the callback was never added or has already been run or removed ''' self._remove_session_callback(callback_obj, self.add_next_tick_callback)
[docs] def remove_on_change(self, *callbacks): ''' Remove a callback added earlier with ``on_change``. Raises: KeyError, if the callback was never added ''' for callback in callbacks: del self._callbacks[callback]
[docs] def remove_periodic_callback(self, callback_obj): ''' Remove a callback added earlier with ``add_periodic_callback`` Args: callback_obj : a value returned from ``add_periodic_callback`` Returns: None Raises: ValueError, if the callback was never added or has already been removed ''' self._remove_session_callback(callback_obj, self.add_periodic_callback)
[docs] def remove_root(self, model, setter=None): ''' Remove a model as root model from this Document. Changes to this model may still trigger ``on_change`` callbacks on this document, if the model is still referred to by other root models. Args: model (Model) : The model to add as a root of this document. setter (ClientSession or ServerSession or None, optional) : This is used to prevent "boomerang" updates to Bokeh apps. (default: None) In the context of a Bokeh server application, incoming updates to properties will be annotated with the session that is doing the updating. This value is propagated through any subsequent change notifications that the update triggers. The session can compare the event setter to itself, and suppress any updates that originate from itself. ''' if model not in self._roots: return # TODO (bev) ValueError? self._push_all_models_freeze() try: self._roots.remove(model) finally: self._pop_all_models_freeze() self._trigger_on_change(RootRemovedEvent(self, model, setter))
[docs] def remove_timeout_callback(self, callback_obj): ''' Remove a callback added earlier with ``add_timeout_callback``. Args: callback_obj : a value returned from ``add_timeout_callback`` Returns: None Raises: ValueError, if the callback was never added or has alraedy been run or removed ''' self._remove_session_callback(callback_obj, self.add_timeout_callback)
[docs] def replace_with_json(self, json): ''' Overwrite everything in this document with the JSON-encoded document. json (JSON-data) : A JSON-encoded document to overwrite this one. Returns: None ''' replacement = self.from_json(json) replacement._destructively_move(self)
[docs] def select(self, selector): ''' Query this document for objects that match the given selector. Args: selector (JSON-like query dictionary) : you can query by type or by name, e.g. ``{"type": HoverTool}``, ``{"name": "mycircle"}`` Returns: seq[Model] ''' if self._is_single_string_selector(selector, 'name'): # special-case optimization for by-name query return self._all_models_by_name.get_all(selector['name']) else: return find(self._all_models.values(), selector)
[docs] def select_one(self, selector): ''' Query this document for objects that match the given selector. Raises an error if more than one object is found. Returns single matching object, or None if nothing is found Args: selector (JSON-like query dictionary) : you can query by type or by name, e.g. ``{"type": HoverTool}``, ``{"name": "mycircle"}`` Returns: Model or None ''' result = list(self.select(selector)) if len(result) > 1: raise ValueError("Found more than one model matching %s: %r" % (selector, result)) if len(result) == 0: return None return result[0]
[docs] def set_select(self, selector, updates): ''' Update objects that match a given selector with the specified attribute/value updates. Args: selector (JSON-like query dictionary) : you can query by type or by name,i e.g. ``{"type": HoverTool}``, ``{"name": "mycircle"}`` updates (dict) : Returns: None ''' for obj in self.select(selector): for key, val in updates.items(): setattr(obj, key, val)
[docs] def to_json(self): ''' Convert this document to a JSON object. Return: JSON-data ''' # this is a total hack to go via a string, needed because # our BokehJSONEncoder goes straight to a string. doc_json = self.to_json_string() return loads(doc_json)
[docs] def to_json_string(self, indent=None): ''' Convert the document to a JSON string. Args: indent (int or None, optional) : number of spaces to indent, or None to suppress all newlines and indentation (default: None) Returns: str ''' root_ids = [] for r in self._roots: root_ids.append(r._id) root_references = self._all_models.values() json = { 'title' : self.title, 'roots' : { 'root_ids' : root_ids, 'references' : references_json(root_references) }, 'version' : __version__ } return serialize_json(json, indent=indent)
[docs] def validate(self): ''' Perform integrity checks on the modes in this document. Returns: None ''' for r in self.roots: refs = r.references() check_integrity(refs)
# Private methods --------------------------------------------------------- def _add_session_callback(self, callback_obj, callback, one_shot, originator): ''' Internal implementation for adding session callbacks. Args: callback_obj (SessionCallback) : A session callback object that wraps a callable and is passed to ``trigger_on_change``. callback (callable) : A callable to execute when session events happen. one_shot (bool) : Whether the callback should immediately auto-remove itself after one execution. Returns: SessionCallback : passed in as ``callback_obj``. Raises: ValueError, if the callback has been previously added ''' if one_shot: @wraps(callback) def remove_then_invoke(*args, **kwargs): if callback_obj in self._session_callbacks: self._remove_session_callback(callback_obj, originator) return callback(*args, **kwargs) actual_callback = remove_then_invoke else: actual_callback = callback callback_obj._callback = self._wrap_with_self_as_curdoc(actual_callback) self._session_callbacks.add(callback_obj) self._callback_objs_by_callable[originator][callback].add(callback_obj) # emit event so the session is notified of the new callback self._trigger_on_change(SessionCallbackAdded(self, callback_obj)) return callback_obj def _destructively_move(self, dest_doc): ''' Move all data in this doc to the dest_doc, leaving this doc empty. Args: dest_doc (Document) : The Bokeh document to populate with data from this one Returns: None ''' if dest_doc is self: raise RuntimeError("Attempted to overwrite a document with itself") dest_doc.clear() # we have to remove ALL roots before adding any # to the new doc or else models referenced from multiple # roots could be in both docs at once, which isn't allowed. roots = [] self._push_all_models_freeze() try: while self.roots: r = next(iter(self.roots)) self.remove_root(r) roots.append(r) finally: self._pop_all_models_freeze() for r in roots: if r.document is not None: raise RuntimeError("Somehow we didn't detach %r" % (r)) if len(self._all_models) != 0: raise RuntimeError("_all_models still had stuff in it: %r" % (self._all_models)) for r in roots: dest_doc.add_root(r) dest_doc.title = self.title def _invalidate_all_models(self): ''' ''' # if freeze count is > 0, we'll recompute on unfreeze if self._all_models_freeze_count == 0: self._recompute_all_models() def _is_single_string_selector(self, selector, field): ''' ''' if len(selector) != 1: return False if field not in selector: return False return isinstance(selector[field], string_types) def _notify_change(self, model, attr, old, new, hint=None, setter=None, callback_invoker=None): ''' Called by Model when it changes ''' # if name changes, update by-name index if attr == 'name': if old is not None: self._all_models_by_name.remove_value(old, model) if new is not None: self._all_models_by_name.add_value(new, model) if hint is None: serializable_new = model.lookup(attr).serializable_value(model) else: serializable_new = None event = ModelChangedEvent(self, model, attr, old, new, serializable_new, hint, setter, callback_invoker) self._trigger_on_change(event) def _push_all_models_freeze(self): ''' ''' self._all_models_freeze_count += 1 def _pop_all_models_freeze(self): ''' ''' self._all_models_freeze_count -= 1 if self._all_models_freeze_count == 0: self._recompute_all_models() def _recompute_all_models(self): ''' ''' new_all_models_set = set() for r in self.roots: new_all_models_set = new_all_models_set.union(r.references()) old_all_models_set = set(self._all_models.values()) to_detach = old_all_models_set - new_all_models_set to_attach = new_all_models_set - old_all_models_set recomputed = {} recomputed_by_name = MultiValuedDict() for m in new_all_models_set: recomputed[m._id] = m if m.name is not None: recomputed_by_name.add_value(m.name, m) for d in to_detach: self._all_former_model_ids.add(d._id) d._detach_document() for a in to_attach: a._attach_document(self) self._all_models = recomputed self._all_models_by_name = recomputed_by_name def _deprecated_remove_session_callback(self, callback, originator): deprecation.deprecated((0, 12, 15), 'The ability to remove a callback function using its value', 'a value returned from the function that adds a callback') cb_objs = self._callback_objs_by_callable[originator].pop(callback) for cb_obj in cb_objs: self._session_callbacks.remove(cb_obj) return cb_objs def _remove_session_callback(self, callback_obj, originator): ''' Remove a callback added earlier with ``add_periodic_callback``, ``add_timeout_callback``, or ``add_next_tick_callback``. Returns: None Raises: KeyError, if the callback was never added ''' try: if callable(callback_obj): callback_objs = self._deprecated_remove_session_callback(callback_obj, originator) else: callback_objs = [callback_obj] self._session_callbacks.remove(callback_obj) for cb_objs in self._callback_objs_by_callable[originator].values(): try: cb_objs.remove(callback_obj) except KeyError: pass except KeyError: raise ValueError("callback already ran or was already removed, cannot be removed again") # emit event so the session is notified and can remove the callback for callback_obj in callback_objs: self._trigger_on_change(SessionCallbackRemoved(self, callback_obj)) def _set_title(self, title, setter=None): ''' ''' if title is None: raise ValueError("Document title may not be None") if self._title != title: self._title = title self._trigger_on_change(TitleChangedEvent(self, title, setter)) def _trigger_on_change(self, event): ''' ''' if self._hold == "collect": self._held_events.append(event) return elif self._hold == "combine": _combine_document_events(event, self._held_events) return if event.callback_invoker is not None: self._with_self_as_curdoc(event.callback_invoker) def invoke_callbacks(): for cb in self._callbacks.values(): cb(event) self._with_self_as_curdoc(invoke_callbacks) def _with_self_as_curdoc(self, f): ''' ''' from bokeh.io.doc import set_curdoc, curdoc old_doc = curdoc() try: if getattr(f, "nolock", False): set_curdoc(UnlockedDocumentProxy(self)) else: set_curdoc(self) return f() finally: set_curdoc(old_doc) def _wrap_with_self_as_curdoc(self, f): ''' ''' doc = self @wraps(f) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): @wraps(f) def invoke(): return f(*args, **kwargs) return doc._with_self_as_curdoc(invoke) return wrapper
def _combine_document_events(new_event, old_events): ''' Attempt to combine a new event with a list of previous events. The ``old_event`` will be scanned in reverse, and ``.combine(new_event)`` will be called on each. If a combination can be made, the function will return immediately. Otherwise, ``new_event`` will be appended to ``old_events``. Args: new_event (DocumentChangedEvent) : The new event to attempt to combine old_events (list[DocumentChangedEvent]) A list of previous events to attempt to combine new_event with **This is an "out" parameter**. The values it contains will be modified in-place. Returns: None ''' for event in reversed(old_events): if event.combine(new_event): return # no combination was possible old_events.append(new_event)